Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse is when pelvic organs slip down into—or even protrude out of—the vagina. This happens when there is not enough support for them due to weakened ligaments and pelvic floor muscles. Organs that may be affected are also the bladder, the vagina, and the rectum. As such, pelvic organ prolapse includes uterine prolapse, dropped bladder or cystocele, and rectocele.
Who does it affect?
It may sound like a problem for much older women, and it is true: pelvic organ prolapse in its majority affects postmenopausal women and women who may have had more than one vaginal delivery. However, it can happen to women of any age, and it is recorded that pelvic organ prolapse affects 3% of women in the United States. A 2009 study in Obstetrics and Gynecology found that white and Hispanic women are more at risk for pelvic organ prolapse than women of other racial and ethnic groups.
How do I recognize it?
It may be easier to recognize the first symptoms of pelvic organ disorders, which are usually more common, and are accompanied by uterine incontinence or fecal incontinence. Though incontinence on its own does not necessarily mean your pelvic organs have prolapsed, it can generally be a tell-tale sign. Organ prolapse will cause a visible bulge in the vagina, or sometimes you may experience uncomfortable pressure during sex or other physical activities.
The feeling of discomfort or constant pressure in the pelvis is a common symptom, especially if that pressure gets worse as the day goes by. You may also find that you are having trouble inserting tampons or even feeling and seeing something “bulge” out of the vagina.
How is it treated?
Treatments can vary depending on the type of prolapse you have and other factors, but some of them include:
- Pelvic floor muscle therapy to strengthen your pelvic muscles
- Changing eating habits to support a diet that is rich in fiber so as to limit strain during bowel movements
- Pessary: a removable device to support the pelvic organs
- Surgery to support the uterus or the vagina, using your own body tissue or synthetic mess
Research is still underway to find ways to prevent pelvic organ prolapse, but thankfully there are numerous treatment options, and it is never too early to start strengthening your pelvic muscles!
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