Antidepressants and Pregnancy
Taking antidepressants during pregnancy remains a concern to many women. This decision will vary from person to person, where the risks and benefits should be carefully assessed.
Untreated depression may result in less than ideal life choices during pregnancy, including diet, rest, and exercise. Additionally, the Mayo Clinic suggests major depression during a pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of low birth weight, premature birth, decreased fetal growth, and other problems.
While the risks of untreated depression are real, there are also risks with taking antidepressants during pregnancy. Ongoing research points to no established links between antidepressants and birth defects, but it’s still possible for the medication to affect the baby. Doctors will typically look to decrease the baby’s exposure to the medication through a low single daily dosage. It’s particularly important to lower the baby’s exposure during the first trimester.
The following list examines commonly used medications:
- SSRIs such as Zoloft, Celexa, and Prozac. Research does not show connections with birth defects, but risks can include low birth weight, premature birth, and a small increase of a fatal heart defect.
- SNRIs such as Cymbalta and Effexor XR. Risks of taking during end of pregnancy has been linked to postpartum hemorrhage.
- Bupropion such as Wellbutrin. While often not a first choice for use during pregnancy, it may be an option for women who don’t respond to the other medications. Possible risks include heart defects.
- Benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and clonazepam. These types of medications are tranquilizers and should be avoided in high doses during pregnancy. Risks are associated with sedation and respiratory distress in newborns. While small infrequent doses are less risky, doctors may instead recommend an intermediate-acting option such as lorazepam.
Any women considering the risks of antidepressants should consult their physician and/or a psychiatrist. More holistic options can be employed for women with more mild depression. These options include acupuncture, prenatal yoga, and psychotherapy. The last thing to remember that exercising and eating healthy are the first and most important step to better mental health. An ideal diet will focus on lean proteins, fruits, veggies, and whole grains. Omitting or limiting processed (pre-packaged or fast-foods) is also imperative. Women should choose whole foods whenever possible.
Sources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/antidepressants-and-pregnancy-tips-from-an-expert
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