By Iris Farrou
30 Jul, 2021
Women's Health
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During times of high heat and temperatures, it is not uncommon to experience excessive sweating. Additionally, women are all too familiar with night sweats and changes in their body temperature during their menstrual cycle; especially when progesterone levels increase and estrogen levels decrease, the part of your brain that controls internal temperatures (hypothalamus) is affected, resulting in irregular sweating. However, excessive sweating may not only be based on hormonal changes but be the cause of something more serious.
What is it?
Excessive sweating is also called hyperhidrosis and it occurs when you sweat more than you would expect based on your surroundings, temperature, and stress levels. It can affect your entire body or just certain areas like your palms, soles, underarms, or face. When there is no underlying medical cause, it is called primary hyperhidrosis, but when there is an underlying cause, it is secondary hyperhidrosis. Conditions that may cause excessive sweating include diabetic hypoglycemia, hyperthyroidism, fever, acromegaly, infection, menopause, medication side effects, and neurologic diseases.
Cause for Concern
Based on the above list, there may be many reasons why you are experiencing excessive sweating, and most of them would require some time to figure out. However, if excessive sweating is accompanied by lightheadedness, nausea, or chest pain, you should seek immediate medical attention. You should still visit your doctor if you suddenly sweat more than usual, especially if this disrupts your daily routine. If you experience night sweats for no clear reason, you should also contact your doctor. It is especially concerning if your sweating is causing you to socially withdraw or be emotionally distressed.
Treatment
If an underlying medical condition is what causes excessive sweating, then this should be treated first. If this is not the case, however, then your doctor may provide you with the following solutions:
- Prescription antiperspirant or prescription creams that focus on hyperhidrosis on the head and the face.
- Nerve-blocking medications to block the chemicals which allow nerves to communicate with one another.
- Antidepressants as they can help decrease both sweating and the anxiety that may be causing hyperhidrosis.
- Botulinum toxin injections temporarily block the nerves that cause sweating.
This is not an exhaustive list of treatments used to treat excessive sweating, but they are the most common ones. Keep in mind that it makes a big difference in treating the condition whether it is primary or secondary hyperhidrosis, and that should you experience constant symptoms of it you should address it with your primary physician first and foremost.
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Summer is here and so is the need for sunscreens and skin protection! To safely enjoy your time at the pool, shore, or park, remember there are two types of UV light that can harm your skin: UVA and UVB. Too much exposure can cause skin cancer. UVA light prematurely ages your skin, causing wrinkles and spots, while UVB light leads to sunburns. Though you should avoid the sun during the peak hours of 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., you should also choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects you from UV light.
What about SPF?
Often, we may think that the higher the SPF, the closer to sun safety. However, high-number SPFs offer the same protection as low-number SPFs. You should use a sunscreen of at least 30 SPF, and keep in mind SPFs greater than 50 provide only a small increase in UV protection.
Effectiveness
Though it would be ideal, putting on moisturizer with sunblock in the morning does not last the whole day. It can be washed off when swimming, or even sweating, and we tend to not apply a thick enough layer in the first place. Water-resistant sunscreens are not a solution either: they last about 40 minutes in water. High water-resistant products last up to 80 minutes.
Types of Skin
The biggest question is whether we should use sun lotion/cream or a spray. Here are some basic differences you may want to consider:
- Lotions and creams: if you have dry skin, go for a cream sunscreen, especially on the face. Around your eyes, you can use a stick and for large areas, use a lotion.
- Gel and sprays: gels are very useful in hairy areas, and sprays offer an easy way to put sunscreen on your children. Be generous when spraying so that you end up with a thick coating, but don’t spray around the eyes and nose.
Aging
If you want the use of sunscreen to be effective in preventing aging, wrinkles, and sunspots, get in the habit of using it every day. This means, it’s not only for special occasions or only during the summer. Those who use broad-spectrum sunscreen daily show 24% less signs of aging than those who use it intermittently. In addition to the sunscreen, wear protective clothing that covers the arms and chest. Use hats and sunglasses to protect your head and eyes and find shade whenever possible.
Acne
One of the most common resistances to sunscreen is that it causes oily or acne-prone skin to break out even more, as it clogs the pores and is, simply, very thick. However, do not let that keep you from protecting your skin from UV rays: there are lightweight, oil-free, and non-comedogenic sunscreens available. Some of them even include lactic acid, perlite, silica control shine and antioxidants to work with oily skin and prevent breakouts while protecting you.
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By Iris Farrou
29 Jun, 2021
Women's Health
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Rather more serious than the usual activity-induced fatigue, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS) is a chronic illness that is known to affect more than 1 million Americans. Women are four times more likely than men to be diagnosed with it. Keep in mind that it is different from expected fatigue, as it often disables people from doing simple daily tasks such as showering or dressing and may also confine people to bed.
Along with the general description we are provided about chronic fatigue, we know of three key symptoms:
- ME/CFS is accompanied by fatigue that lasts more than 6 months, and it is not the result of usual effort, nor is it made better when resting
- Symptoms become worse after mental, physical or emotional effort that would not have caused any issues before the illness
- Sleep does not get the job done, as people with ME/CFS may be just as tired after a full night’s sleep, not refreshed
Causes
Medical professionals do not yet know exactly what causes ME/CFS, but speculate it is possible there is more than one cause. It is also assumed that there may be a variety of triggers for the condition, such as infections or changes in the immune system. Patients report that CFS starts after flu-like illnesses or a cold/stomach bug, while others also link it to periods of extreme stress—which can of course affect body chemistry. There are no conclusive results yet, but another scientific hypothesis is that ME/CFS is linked to the virus that causes mono, Epstein-Barr.
Treatment
Because of the inconclusive results on what exactly causes ME/CFS, it is difficult for medical professionals to suggest treatment for it, nor is there a CDC approved treatment. However, it is possible to treat certain symptoms to provide relief for some patients. Since it is not a guarantee, unfortunately many people learn to live with it and manage the symptoms to the best of their ability with the support of their family and friends.
Most commonly, healthcare professionals work with patients to address post-exertional malaise and help patients understand, and find, their limits when it comes to physical and mental exertion and create routines as well as “energy envelopes” to manage their fatigue. Sleep problems can also be addressed with either tips for good sleep habits, over the counter medications, or even prescribed sleep medications. Pain of muscles and joints is also addressed in the same manner, and even alternative medicine may be suggested.
Additional symptoms of ME/CFS may include dizziness, loss of memory and/or difficulty concentrating as well as depression and stress. Keep in mind that experiencing individualized or sporadic symptoms listed here is not a conclusive diagnosis for chronic fatigue, and should you suspect, you may be suffering from it, it is best to reach out to your doctor.
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By Iris Farrou
21 Jun, 2021
Pregnancy
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Thyroid diseases affect hormone levels and may cause overall hormonal imbalances that ultimately can have an impact on a woman’s fertility. Additionally, women have been found to develop either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid during pregnancy. However, it is untreated thyroid diseases that may have more of a negative impact on a pregnancy and not medicine-regulated thyroid conditions.
What is the difference?
Hyperthyroidism: refers to an overactive thyroid, when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. It usually heightens your metabolism, causing an irregular fast heartbeat and often accompanied by unplanned weight loss.
Hypothyroidism: as the name suggests, this is when your thyroid gland is less than regularly active, thus producing less of the hormone thyroxine than your body needs. It may initially not cause any symptoms, but if left untreated hypothyroidism may lead to obesity, infertility, and heart disease.
Thyroid Risks & Pregnancy
You may be at a higher risk for a thyroid condition during pregnancy if:
- You are currently being treated for a thyroid condition.
- Have already had a thyroid condition or have had a child with a thyroid condition.
- Have a family history of thyroid autoimmune conditions, such as Graves’ disease or Hashimoto’s disease.
- Have an autoimmune condition or Type 1 diabetes.
Hyperthyroid and Pregnancy
Untreated or inappropriately treated hyperthyroidism can lead to the following issues during pregnancy, especially affecting the baby:
- Premature birth, before the 37th week of pregnancy.
- Low birthweight, with the baby being born under 5 pounds.
- Goiter, the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland as well as general thyroid problems.
- Miscarriage or stillbirth.
Hypothyroid and Pregnancy
Some of the problems untreated hypothyroid can cause for the baby are the same as in the case of untreated hyperthyroid—such as thyroid problems, miscarriage or stillbirth—but there are a few that are different:
- Problems with nervous system developmenta and brain growth, especially when untreated hypothyroid happens during the first trimester.
- Infantile myxedema, which is linked to severe hypothyroid can lead to dwarfism (when an adult person is less than 4ft tall) as well as lower-than-average intelligence and a lack of skills necessary for daily life.
Thyroid Medicine
Whether you are experiencing hyperthyroid or hypothyroid, thyroid medicine is meant to balance thyroid hormones in your body and keep them at the right level. If you are taking thyroid medicine and planning to become pregnant, consult with your doctor for possible adjustments. If you are taking medicine and become pregnant, do not stop taking your medication—as untreated thyroid problems lead to more severe issues than taking the medicine—but do get in contact with your doctor as soon as possible to ensure your and your baby’s health.
Remember that since thyroid diseases are a hormonal imbalance, lack of medicine and proper treatment is what leads to severe, or even fatal, issues during pregnancy; thyroid medication is not likely to harm an expectant mother or her baby.
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By Iris Farrou
31 May, 2021
Women's Health
Best gyns in Buffalo, Best OB practices in Buffalo, Best OBGYN Groups in Buffalo, Buffalo OB-GYN, Buffalo OBGYN, Chouchani MD, WNY OB-GYN, WNY Ob-gyn doctors, WNY OBGYN, women's health
Vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis are both equally common vaginal infections. While the symptoms experienced may be either completely the same or very similar, the treatments for the two are very different. It may help to understand that bacterial vaginosis is a type of vaginitis, along with yeast infections and trichomoniasis. Additionally, there are some slight differences as far as the symptoms are concerned which may help you distinguish what it may be, should you experience abnormal discharge.
Vaginitis
It is caused by a change in the normal levels of vaginal bacteria or by an infection. It may also be caused by some skin disorders or reduced estrogen levels (usually after menopause). Overall, it is an inflammation of the vagina that can lead to itching and discharge, as well as pain during intercourse and urination. It may also lead to vaginal bleeding or spotting.
Vaginosis
Overgrowth of vaginal bacteria cause this vaginal inflammation, which results in discharge of gray, white, or even green color. Itching and pain during urination are also common symptoms, as is foul-smelling vaginal odor. Keep in mind that many people with bacterial vaginosis may not experience any symptoms. It can affect any age, but it is more common on women of reproductive ages.
Diagnosis
Any doctor will probably begin by looking into your medical history and, of course, take into consideration your sexual history to determine risk factors—especially if you have multiple sex partners or a new sex partner. The existence of previous vaginal infections is also a risk factor, as are your hormonal levels. Performing a pelvic exam to check for vaginal inflammation and discharge is also standard procedure. If your doctor is suspecting bacterial vaginosis, it is also likely that they will check your abdomen and pelvic organs for any indication of disease. Taking a sample for lab testing and examination of vaginal secretions and pH helps reach a more detailed diagnosis as well.
Treatment
Depending on the type of vaginitis diagnosed, your doctor will assign different treatments. Yeast infections are the easiest to treat with over-the-counter (OTC) medications, usually anti-fungal creams. Keep in mind that though OTC are convenient and cost-effective ways to treat vaginal abnormalities, the wrong medication can lead to more complications and delay proper diagnosis and treatment.
Bacterial vaginosis may be treated by prescribing Metronidazole, which can be taken orally or as a gel applied into the vagina. Other treatments include: Tinidazole, a prescribed oral medication and Clindamycin, a vaginal gel. Note that vaginosis can spread between female sexual partners, and it is especially important for pregnant women to be treated to avoid early birth or low birth weight.
There is also non-infectious vaginitis to keep in mind, which may be caused by other sources of irritation such as a new soap or laundry detergent, tampons, or sanitary napkins.
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By Iris Farrou
19 May, 2021
Women's Health
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One of the most common concerns of aging women is the appearance of varicose veins on their legs. Varicose veins and spider veins are swollen, twisted veins that are mostly found on the legs and appear more in women because pregnancy tends to increase the risk of having them. Additional factors are older age and obesity. Both types of veins are usually painless, don’t cause health problems, and can be treated for cosmetic purposes. Some people report experiencing aching pain and discomfort, while varicose veins sometimes lead to more serious problems.
What is the difference?
Varicose veins are red, blue, or skin colored and seem to have a rope-like texture, while they also tend to cause the skin to bulge out. They are often on the thighs and calves, as well as the inside of the leg near the ankles and feet. During pregnancy they can also happen in the lower pelvic area and the buttocks.
Spider veins are smaller than varicose veins, and predominantly red. They can be seen under the skin, but they do not make the skin bulge. They can from tree-like designs or look like spider webs (hence their name). Most commonly, they are seen on the legs and face.
Symptoms
Other than simply appearing under your skin, you may experience an achy feeling on your legs, muscle cramping, or swelling on your lower legs. Another sign may be worsened pain after either sitting or standing for an extended period of time. Itching or skin discoloration around veins may also be indicative of varicose veins forming.
Risk Factors
- Age: the older you get, the more chances there are of getting varicose veins. Wear and tear on the valves of your veins is normal with age, and eventually the blood may collect back into your veins instead of flowing up to your heart.
- Sex: as stated above, women are more likely to develop varicose veins. Hormonal changes may play a role, as they tend to relax vein walls. Additionally, hormone treatments increase the risk of varicose veins.
- Pregnancy, family history, and obesity are other risk factors you should take into consideration if you are worried about varicose veins in older age.
Prevention
Though you cannot completely prevent varicose or spider veins, as they have to do with normal wear and tear of your vein valves and strength of muscles, there are some ways to minimize the risk of getting them or avoid getting more. Improving your circulation and muscle tone through exercising, watching your weight, lowering salt intake, avoiding high heels, elevating your legs, and avoiding sitting down or standing up for a long time are all ways which may help reduce the risk of varicose veins.
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By Iris Farrou
09 May, 2021
Breastfeeding support
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If you are an expecting or new mother, you are probably finding yourself wondering about the benefits of breastfeeding, the required—or suggested—length of time for breastfeeding your baby, as well as about storage options and solutions. In this amalgamation of information, one thing is for sure: the decision on whether to breastfeed or not, and for how long, is to be made between you and your baby.
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, exclusive breastfeeding should take place for six months and continue after solid foods are introduced at least until one year of age. The World Health Organization extends this even further, recommending breastfeeding until two years old or even longer. As far as the beginning of breastfeeding is concerned, both AAP and WHO suggest as early as one hour after birth.
Benefits of breastfeeding
- Important Nutrition and Antibodies: In the first days after birth, you will produce a thick and yellowish fluid high in protein and low in sugar, full of beneficial compounds, colostrum. It is the ideal milk for a newborn’s digestive tract and as the baby grows, your breasts produce more and more milk. Additionally, it contains high amounts of immunoglobulin and other antibodies which help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria. Formula does not provide antibody protection.
- Reducing Disease Risk and Promoting Healthy Weight: Because of the existence of antibodies, breast milk helps prevent most common diseases that affect babies, such as ear and respiratory infections, colds, gut infections and intestinal tissue damage, bowel diseases, and even SIDS, diabetes and childhood leukemia. Since breastmilk promotes the development of different gut bacteria, it also helps prevent obesity and weight gain. A bonus to that is that babies self-regulate their milk intake when breastfeeding, so they are more likely to develop healthy eating habits.
Keep in mind that there are benefits to breastfeeding for mothers as well, linked to lower chances of contracting diseases, helping your uterus contract, as well as burning more calories and helping you lose weight after pregnancy. Probably the most interesting of all is that breastfeeding can tremendously help new mothers with post-partum depression.
Storing and Handling
Before handling breast milk, make sure you thoroughly wash and sanitize your hands. If using a pump to express milk, ensure it is clean and replace any tubing that may seem moldy or suspiciously unclean.
Freshly expressed breast milk should be stored in either breast milk storage bags, or food-grade containers with tight fitting lids. Avoid BPA-containing bottles. Store the milk at room temperature for four hours or less or keep it in the refrigerator for up to four days. Though you can keep it in the freezer indefinitely, it is suggested that you store it for up to six months for best use but 12 months is also acceptable.
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By Iris Farrou
08 Apr, 2021
Pregnancy, Women's Health
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Seasonal allergies can be exacerbated during pregnancy. It’s not always the seasonal allergens that cause your body to react, as pregnancy hormones can also be the cause of unexpected, atypical, or more severe histamine production. Pregnancy is already stressful and physically challenging at times: worrying about what you can and cannot eat, consume or drink, and which activities should be avoided. But as far as allergies are concerned, there are plenty of antihistamine remedies available during a healthy pregnancy.
Seasonal Allergies & Your Baby
Even if you never experienced any seasonal allergy symptoms prior to your pregnancy, but are allergically reacting to something, rest assured your baby will not be the slightest bit uncomfortable—despite what you may be experiencing. More importantly, your reactions don’t indicate that your child will be born with allergies.
Different Seasonal Allergies & Pregnancy
There are two types of seasonal allergies during pregnancy: typical spring allergens that begin as early as February, and summer allergies that last until late fall. Pollen is the culprit for seasonal symptomatic reactions. Ragweed, grass, mold, tree pollen, and other regional pollen-producers can thankfully be avoided and there are healthy ways to soothe your symptoms.
Other pregnancy-related reactions are not caused by your environment: a condition called “Rhinitis of Pregnancy,” usually experienced during the third trimester, is caused by hormone level changes that mimic reactions to seasonal pollens. If you experienced season allergies prior to pregnancy, they may potentially worsen while pregnant. Fortunately, there are many safe ways to treat the reactions.
Treating Seasonal Allergies in Pregnancy
First, stay informed by checking your local pollen forecasts on weather and news apps. You may know some pollens to avoid, but your body can react to new irritants. Wear protective masks while doing outdoor activities like gardening or mowing, and make sure to shower and change clothes once inside. Stay indoors when pollen counts are highest, usually between 5am and 10am.
If you’re experiencing symptoms, saline nasal spray is a safe, effective treatment. It’s important to not use them more than three days in a row, as overuse can worsen nasal congestion. Wearing nasal strips at night opens breathing pathways and leads to a better night’s rest.
Avoidance is always the best form of treatment, but there are over the counter safe medications:
- Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is most recommended
- Zyrtec (cetirizine)
- Claritin (Loratadine)
- ChlorTrimeton (Chlorpheniramine)
Allergy shots, if begun prior to pregnancy, are usually safe to continue. It’s best not to start any allergy treatment during your pregnancy if you aren’t sure how your body will react. As always, should you experience abnormal symptoms of allergies—or severe reactions to allergy medications—while pregnant, reach out to your doctor.
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As schools begin to increase the amount of in-person instruction, safety measures should still be in place. Experts advise that we keep COVID-19 precautions meticulously, so we may be seeing the next school year starting with necessary safety measures.
Explaining Safety Measures to your Kid
- Teach them about COVID: Kids are more likely to follow safety measures if they understand why: what the virus is, how it spreads, and its seriousness. You should use kid-friendly language to explain a global pandemic, and school kids should understand the virus is something dangerous that goes from one person to another, consists of invisible particles, makes people sick, and can be transmitted from an asymptomatic person.
- Model Behavior: Remember that your kids see you as a role model: it matters more what you do than what you tell them to do. Practice safety habits at home and set an example that your kids are likely to follow even when you are not around or supervising them.
- Promote Mask Wearing: Though this may be taken for granted, we need to remember that children experience masks differently from adults. Definitely teach your children how to wear a mask properly, but keep in mind, to them a mask is a nuisance or an item to play with. Consider letting your children choose their masks so they feel they are participating and let them decorate their masks—a practice that makes them feel proud of the results, and therefore increases the chances of them taking care of their masks.
- Encourage Safe Distancing: Children are naturally drawn to social interactions and if they like experiencing the world in tangible ways the risk of infection is augmented. You can promote group activities and sports that make social distancing easier, while still maintaining comradeship: bike riding, hopscotch, skateboarding or an obstacle course are some suggestions.
Integrating Changes
The safety measures outlined above combine the “new reality” under COVID with elements kids are used to. Just like adults, children can adjust their perspective through understanding the necessity for new habits. As far as the return to school is concerned, since there are so many new elements to get used to, you can alleviate some of the stress by keeping a semblance of normalcy in the following standard, i.e. pre-Covid, ways.
- Prepare for the first day of school by purchasing school supplies, becoming familiar with the school and classrooms, attending orientations, and getting to know the teachers (probably virtually).
- Practice the school route with your kid: whether that is driving them, walking them, biking with them, or preparing them to do the route alone in the future, do a few trial runs with your kid before the big day.
- Consider implementing the school sleep schedule earlier than usual, so that if there are home-school or half days your child’s routine is not terribly disrupted.
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By Iris Farrou
08 Apr, 2021
Lifestyle Tips, Mental Health
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The conversation around the side effects of hormonal birth control and contraceptive pills on mental health has been around for a while: you may have heard women recounting their negative experiences with heightened depression symptoms, or mood swings, when switching contraceptive methods. Though personal experiences are not medical research, they do warrant attention.
In 2016 a Danish study of more than 1 million women, which focused on analyzing nationwide health records, showed that women using hormonal birth control were more likely to be treated for depression. On the other side, studies conducted in the US and Finland have showed that hormonal birth control users report less symptoms of anxiety and depression. Though just what effect hormonal birth control can have on mental health differs, one thing is for sure: it does affect it.
Hormones and Mental Health
Though there are no mental health risks directly associated with the use of contraception, we do know hormones—and hormone imbalances—can have an impact on mental health. To start with, women are twice as likely as men to suffer from depression: this is a difference that starts in adolescence due to the changing levels of estrogen.
During the follicular phase, which is the time between the start of a period and ovulation, estrogen levels are high. However, individuals with depression demonstrate lower levels of estrogen at that time. Hormonal birth control is likely to affect the natural levels of hormones in someone’s body, and therefore cause mental health changes.
Types of Hormonal Contraception and their Effects
Implant
There are two types of implants: one containing the progestin etonogestrel and another containing the progestin levonorgestrel. Results of the Danish study concluded that use of the etonogestrel implant led to higher use of antidepressants, especially for teens. People using that for two years have also reported mood swings and depression attributed to the implant. The risk for depression seems to heighten with the etonogestrel implant, but studies remain somewhat inconclusive.
Hormonal IUD
The Danish study on hormonal IUD showed that adolescent IUD users were more likely to be treated for depression than adult IUD users. However, a Finnish study suggested that women using this method were just as likely to showcase symptoms of anxiety and depression as women who were not using it. Like the implant, there is some evidence that IUD increases chances of depression but no direct conclusion.
Pills
Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCc) contain both synthetic estrogen and progestin. Though the Danish study found that users of COCs aged 16-31 were more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant, several other studies have shown that birth control users are not more likely to have symptoms of depression. However, people using COCs for reasons other than birth control have been found more likely to have depression.
There are several other hormonal contraceptive methods that can potentially affect mental health, but the three examined above are the most commonly used. Results may remain inconclusive, but if you are taking a hormonal contraceptive method and you experience unusual symptoms, you may consider consulting your doctor or healthcare provider.
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